Visual function is measured using a dual contrast visual acuity chart, the "Melbourne Edge Test" and a device for measuring depth perception. Lower limb sensation is assessed with tests of proprioception, touch sensitivity and vibration sense.

Fall-risk screening test: a prospective study on predictors for falls in community-dwelling elderly.

Reliability assessment for elderly residents and patients with an acute stroke.

Oliver et al (1997) investigated 21 possible risk
factors in a case control study. They identified
five factors that were significantly associated
with falls and subsequently used these to construct
a risk assessment tool – the St Thomas’s
Risk Assessment Tool In Falling Elderly Inpatients
(STRATIFY).

Assessment of falls risk in older people.
Multi - professional guidance for use by the primary health care team, hospital staff, care home staff and social care workers.
This guidance has been derived from longitudinal studies of factors predicting falls in older people and randomised
controlled trials that have shown a reduction in the risk of falling.

The Tinetti Assessment Tool is a simple, easily administered test that measures a patient’s gait and balance. The test is scored on the patient ’s ability to perform specific tasks.

Doctors are asked to assess annually all patients who are 65 years or older using the Timed Up & Go Test.

The Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) is a widely used, well-validated screening tool for cognitive
impairment. It briefly measures orientation to time and place, immediate recall, short-term verbal memory,
calculation, language, and construct ability. Each area tested has a designated point value, with the maximum
possible score on the MMSE being 30/30.